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情态动词

2024-06-051

情态动词(精选16篇)

情态动词 篇1

  九年级教学案

  课题m5u3 语法复习  情态动词课型 复习课

  教学

  目标归纳语法情态动词  巩固练习 情态动词

  重点巩固练习 情态动词

  难点归纳语法情态动词

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  情态动词

  情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

  1. can, could

  1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 例如:can you lift this heavy box?(体力) mary can speak three languages.(知识) can you skate?(技能) 此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

  例如: i’ll not be able to come this afternoon. (一般将来时)当表示“经过努力才得以 做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用can。如: he was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

  2) 表示请求和允许。

  例如:-----can i go now? ---yes, you can. / no, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,但could, might 并不表示过去式,只是语气更委婉。它们不能用于肯定句和答语中。

  例如:--- could i come to see you tomorrow? -- yes, you can. (no, i’m afraid not.) 3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。例如: they’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. this hall can hold 500 people at least.

  4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

  can this be true?    this can’t be done by him.  how can this be true?

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  2. may, might

  1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。 例如:

  ----might/ may i smoke in this room? --- no, you mustn’t.

  ---- may/might i take this book out of the room?

  --- yes, you can. (no, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 用may i...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用can i...?在口语中更常见。

  2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 例如:may you succeed!

  3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 例如:he may /might be very busy now.

  your mother may /might not know the truth.

  3. must, have to

  1) 表示必须、必要。例如: you must come in time.

  在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必)。

  例如: -- must we hand in our exercise books today? --- yes, you must. --- no, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

  2) must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时,have to 有更多的时态形式。

  例如:his play isn’t interesting, i really must go now.  i had to work when i was your age.

  3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)例如: you’re tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. your mother must be waiting for you now.

  4. dare, need

  1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。例如: how dare you say i’m unfair?

  2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

  例如:you needn’t come so early. ---- need i finish the work today? --- yes, you must. / no, you needn’t.

  3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

  例如:i dare to swim across this river.  he doesn’t dare (to) answer.

  5. shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。 例如:what shall we do this evening?  2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 you shall fail if you don’t work hard. (警告) he shall have the book when i finish it.(允诺) he shall be punished.(威胁 )

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  6. will, would

  1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

  例如: will / would you pa ss me the ball, please?

  2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。例如:  i will never do that again.    they asked him if he would go abroad.

  3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used  to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

  例如: during the vacation, he would visit me every other day.   the wound would not heal.

  7. sho uld, ought to

  1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比s hould语气重。   

  i should help her because she is in trouble. you ought to take care of the baby.

  2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

  you should / ought to go to class right away.

  should i open the window?

  3) 表示推测

  should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

  he must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

  he ought to/should be hom e by now.(不太肯定)

  this is where the oil must be. (直爽)

  this is where the oil ought to/should be. (含蓄)

  一,选用can, could, may, must, shall, should, will, would, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t或have to

  1. there is air around us, thought we ________ see it.

  2. your mother is getting better and better. you _______ worry about her.

  3. you _______ play football in the busy street.

  4. “_______ it be true ?.” “yes. it _______ be true indeed.”

  5. tom _______ come to the party tonight, but i’m not sure.

  6. _______ you please fetch me some water for me?

  7. young trees ________ be planted in spring.

  8. “must we hand in our exercise books today?”

  “yes, you ______.” “no, you ________.”

  9. “may i take this magazine out of the reading-room?”

  “yes, you _______.” “no, you _______.”

  10. please speak a little louder so that i _______ hear you.

  二1. if you are not careful in the street, a car ______ hit you.             

  a. can            b. may          c. would            d. must

  2. –may i watch tv now, mum?

  -no, you _____. you _____ do your homework first.

  a. don’t; must     b. don’t; can’t     c. can’t; must   d. can’t; can

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  ︶3. –mr. john, we must hand in our work today, ______?

  -no, you ______. but you must bring it to school tomorrow.

  a. needn’t we; mustn’t               b. mustn’t we; needn’t

  c. mustn’t you; mustn’t              d. needn’t we; needn’t

  4. he isn’t in the school. i think he ______ be ill.  a. can b. shall c. must

  5. children ______ play on the road or in the street. it is dangerous.

  a. may not       b. mustn’t    c. couldn’t          d. needn’t

  6. even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem, so it _____be very difficult.  a. may   b. must  c. can d. need

  7. –can you ride a bike? -no, i _____.

  a. may not  b. can’t  c. needn’t  d. mustn’t

  8. –must i return the book this morning?

  -no, you _____. but you ______ return it before supper.

  a. needn’t; must   b. mustn’t; can  c. mustn’t; may  d. can’t; need

  9. you ____ to go and see the doctor right now.                      

  a. must          b. should           c. have           d. will

  10. don’t play with the knife. you ______ hurt yourself.               

  a. may b. should c. have to d. need

  三,1. what _____ i do for you, madam?

  a. may  b. must   c. can d. will

  2. you’re made the same mistake again. how _____ you be so careless!

  a. shall          b. may            c. can            d. must

  3.    peter _____ come with us this afternoon, but he isn’t very sure yet.

  a. shall          b. may            c. can            d. must

  4.    don’t worry! the news _____ be true.

  a. may not      b. mustn’t           c. will not   d. needn’t

  5. the traffic _____ stop when the lights are red in the street.

  a. can’t         b. don’t have to      c. mustn’t         d. must

  6. –look! it _____ be the new headmaster.

  -it _____ be him. he went to beijing yesterday.

  a. can; mustn’t   b. can; can’t     c. must; can’t  d. must; may

  7.    ______ i close the window? it’s so cold here.

  a. must         b. will   c. need    d. shall

  8.you ___ return the bike now. you can keep it till tomorrow if you like.

  a. can’t    b. mustn’t   c. needn’t   d. may not

  9.you _____ yourself about money.  a. needn’t worry  b. needn’t to worry  c. don’t need worry  d. needn’t be worry

  10.many people want to see you. _____ they wait here or outside?

  a. do   b. will   c. need    d. shall

  11.____ i ask your name, please?  a. will b. shall c. may d. must

  12.you _____ do it even if you don’t want to.

  a. can’t         b. mustn’t        c. have to   d. needn’t

  13.i _____ like someone to take me to the museum.

  a. will    b. would   c. shall    d. need

  14.look, what you have done! you _____ more careful.

  a. may be b. had to c. should be  d. should感悟反思:

情态动词 篇2

  h.dare

  dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作行为动词,指勇气和胆量上的可能,可译为“敢”。

  1.情态动词dare

  ①dare作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句,一般不用于肯定句中。

  i dare not daren't walk through the forest at night.

  我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。

  --- dare you walk through the forest at night

  你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗?

  --- yes, i dare.

  是的,我敢。

  --- no, i daren't.

  不,我不敢。

  he dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.

  下雨天他不敢开得太快。

  he dared not do it last year.

  去年他不敢做这事。(dare的过去时为dared)

  ②可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。

  i wonder how he dare say such things.

  我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。

  we don't know whether he dare climb the mountain.

  我们不知道他是否敢爬那座山。

  ③可以用于条件状语从句中。

  if the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end.

  如果敌人敢进入村里,我们就和他们战斗到底。

  if you dare cheat in your exam, i will give you some punishment.

  如果你们敢在考试中作弊,我就惩罚你们。

  2.行为动词dare

  ① dare可以作为行为动词,多用于肯定句中,但也可用在疑问句和否定句中

  he will dare any danger.

  他敢面对任何危险。

  he dared me to jump over the stream.

  他激我跳过小溪。

  did anyone dare to admit it

  有人敢于承认吗?

  i have never dared (to) go back to take a look.

  我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。(否定句中to可省略)

  ②和其他行为动词一样,dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。

  he doesn't dare to walk at night.

  他不敢走夜路。(作行为动词)

  he daren't walk at night.

  他不敢走夜路。(作情态动词)

  does he dare to walk at night

  他敢走夜路吗?(作行为动词)

  dare he walk at night

  他敢走夜路吗?(作情态动词)

  he didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago.

  XX年前他不敢走夜路。(作行为动词)

  he daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.

  XX年前他不敢走夜路。(作情态动词)

  will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow

  明天你敢做同样的实验吗?(作行为动词)

  dare you do the same experiment tomorrow?

  明天你敢做同样的实验吗? (作情态动词)

  必背:

  英语口语中dare的几个常用结构:

  ● i dare say...

  我想, 大概, 可能, 或许……

  i dare say things will improve.

  我想情况会好转的。

  ● how dare you ...

  你怎么敢……?

  how dare you ask me such a question

  你怎么敢问我这样的问题?

  ● i dare you ...

  我谅你也不敢……

  i dare you to tell your parents!

  我谅你也不敢告诉你父母!

  i.need

  1.情态动词need

  need 和dare一样,作为情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句,一般不用于肯定句中(在肯定句中常被 must, have to, ought to, should等情态动词取代)。作为情态动词,它的词形只有need一种形式。

  you needn't return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like. 你现在不必还书,  如果愿意,你可以下周还。(needn't = don't have to)

  need i hand in my homework now

  我现在就要交家庭作业吗?

  --- need he finish the article next week

  他要下个星期完成这篇文章吗?

  --- yes, he must.

  是的,他必须完成。

  --- no, he needn't.

  不,他不需要。(= he doesn't have to)

  2.行为动词need

  need和dare一样,也可以作行为动词,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行为动词need有人称和数的变化。

  plant needs water.

  植物需要水。

  my shirt needs a button.

  我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。

  my car needs repairing.

  我的车该修理了。

  he has grown up. we don't need to worry about him.

  他已经长大了,我们不必为他担心。

  you don't need to buy so many things for the picnic.

  你不必为这次野餐买这么多东西。

  patience is needed for that job.

  干那工作,需要耐心。

  提示:

  need作为情态动态时,不要用于肯定句中。

  【误】she need do her homework by herself. (need作为情态动词时,不用于肯定句中)

  【正】she needs to do her homework by herself.

  她该独立完成家庭作业。

情态动词 篇3

  a. may和might

  1.表示请求、许可,常译为“可以”。

  在口语中可用can, could代替may,但在正式场合用may。表示允许时,也可用might代替,might不表示过去时,而是表示口气比较婉转。

  you may take this seat if you like.

  如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。

  maycan could might i have a talk with you

  我可以和你谈谈吗?

  --- maymight i come into the room to see my mother

  我可以进房间看我母亲吗?

  --- no, you mustn't. she needs to have a good rest.

  不,你不能进。她需要好好休息。

  提示:

  may i ... 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。

  肯定回答

  yes, please.

  certainly.

  yes, of course.

  sure.

  go ahead, please.

  否定回答

  no, you can't. (最常见)

  no, you mustn't. (具有强烈禁止的意思)

  please don't. you'd better not.

  i don't think you can.

  i'm sorry it's not allowed.

  2.表示推测,可译为“可能,也许”。

  your math teacher maymight be in his office.      你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。(一般情况下,might表示的可能性很小)

  the light isn't on. it maymight be broken.

  那盏灯没有亮,它可能坏了。

  there may might be some ink left in the bottle.

  瓶子里也许还剩点儿墨水。

  注意:

  用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句,在疑问句中通常用can来代替。

  can he be at home

  他可能在家吗?

  --- can it be true

  这可能是真的吗?

  --- it may be, or may not be.

  可能是,也可能不是。

  3.用在目的状语从句中,构成谓语。

  he wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.

  他想坐出租车,这样他就能及时到达那里。

  i arrived at the airport earlier in order that i might meet him.

  我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。

  4. 有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。

  may you succeed.

  祝你成功

  may you be happy.

  祝你快乐。

  may that day come soon.

  希望这一天早日到来。

  b. can和could

  1. 表示能力,可译为“能,会”。

  i can swim. 我会游泳。

  emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.

  艾米丽舞跳得很好,她妈妈年轻时舞跳得也很好。

  the cinema can seat 1,000 people.

  这电影院能容纳1,000人。

  i could not read such an easy book when i was 7 years old.

  我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。

  2. 表示允许、许可,常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。

  --- could i use your dictionary

  我可以用一下你的字典吗?

  ---yes, go ahead.

  可以,用吧。(或yes, you can. 但不能说yes, you could.)

  could can you tell me how to get to the zoo

  劳驾,你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗?

  he asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.

  他问我可不可以把书带出阅览室。

  3.表示推测,可用于肯定句(can罕见)、否定句和疑问句,但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别,只是表示可能性的大小,can表示推测的可能性比could大。

  can he be ill at home

  他会是生病在家吗?

  can the story be true

  这个故事会是真的吗?

  he cannot be at home.

  他不可能在家。

  you mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. you could start a fire.

  在林子里走时一定不要吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。

  4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。

  how can you be so careless

  你怎么这么粗心?

  where can could they have gone

  他们会去了哪里?

  he can'tcouldn't be over sixty.

  他不可能超过60岁。

  5.could可以用在虚拟条件句中。

  if i could fly, i should be very happy.

  如果我能飞, 我会很高兴。

  if you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.

  如果你当时听我的,你早就做完了。

  if you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.

  如果你再努力些,你就能通过考试了。

  6.can与be able to的区别

  ①can表示“能力”时,和be able to相当,许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明,表示你有能力时,只能用be able to。

  【正】can you speak any foreign languages

  你会说外语吗?

  【正】are you able to speak any foreign languages

  你会说外语吗?

  【误】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape.

  【正】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.

  大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼,但大家都逃了出来。

  【正】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape.

  大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼,但大家都想法逃了出来。

  ②be able to 比can有更多形式。

  no one could answer the question.

  没人能回答这个问题。(这里could可用was able to 代替)

  when he grows up, he will be able to support his family.

  他长大后就能养家了。

  frank is ill. he hasn't been able to go to school for one week.

  弗兰克病了,已经一周没去上学了。

  i'm sorry for not being able to help you in time.

  对不起,不能及时帮你的忙。

  ③could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。

  when we went into the house, we could smell something burning.

  当我们走进屋子时,我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。(不用was able to)

  she spoke in a very low voice, but i could understand what she said.

  虽然她讲话的声音很低,但我还是明白了她说的话。

  ④在谈论说话时发生的动作,用can,不用be able to。

  【误】look! i'm able to swim.

  【正】look! i can swim.

  看,我会游泳了!

  c.must和have to

  1.must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,强调主观看法,可译为“必须,应该”。

  everyone must obey the rule.

  人人都必须遵守制度。

  we must do everything step by step.

  我们必须逐步做每件事。

  teachers must be patient enough with their students.

  老师必须对学生有足够的耐心。

  2.have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。

  you can't turn right here. you have to turn left.

  你不能在这里右拐,你必须左拐。

  my eyesight is very poor. i have to wear glasses for reading.

  我的视力很差,看书时不得不戴眼镜。

  you have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.

  你在取得驾照之前必须先通过考试。

  提示:

  在口语中,我们可以使用have got to来代替have to.

  i've got to work on sunday.

  我不得不星期天工作。

  when has ann got to go

  安必须什么时候走?

  3.must 与have to的比较。

  must 与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近,但在用法上有所区别。

  ①must含有说话者的强烈决意(表示主观的看法),have to 则表示外力环境或习惯使然(即表示客观的必要,作“不得不”解)。

  i must study hard.

  我必须努力学习。(发自内心的决定)

  i have to study hard.

  我不得不努力学习。(外界因素逼迫)

  you must stay for supper.

  你必须留下来吃晚饭。(because i want you to)

  you have to stay for supper.

  你得留下来吃晚饭。(because there is nowhere else to go)

  ②must只有一种形式,而have to可有多种时态。

  they had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.

  由于坏天气,他们不得不推迟运动会。

  these last two days he has had to take a rest at home.

  这两天他必须一直在家休息。

  ③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。

  you must keep it a secret. you mustn't tell anyone.

  你必须保密,你不可以告诉任何人。(mustn't表示“禁止”)

  you don't have to tell me the secret. 你不必告诉我这个秘密。

  (don't have to意思是“没有必要”= don't need to)

  4.must用于表示推测,它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多,一般只用于肯定句。

  ①must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词) ,表示对现在状态的推测。

  he must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.

  他肯定很懒,因为他的课桌很不整洁。

  carol must get very bored with her job. she does the same thing every day.

  卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了,她每天都做同样的事。

  ②must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。

  put on more clothes. you must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

  多穿点儿衣服,你只穿一件衬衣,肯定觉得冷。

  ③must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。

  the ground is wet. it must have rained last night.

  地面是湿的,昨晚肯定下雨了。

  i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep.

  我没听见电话铃响,我一定是睡着了。

  提示:

  must表示推测只用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。

  he's just had his lunch. he can't be hungry already.

  他刚吃过午饭,不会饿的。

  they have just arrived here. they can't know many people.

  他们刚到这里,不可能认识很多人。

  leslie walked past me without speaking. he can'tcouldn't have seen me.

  莱斯利从我身边走过而没打招呼,他肯定没看见我。

  5.must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事,可译为“必然会,总是会”。

  we all must die.

  我们都会死。

  truth must be out.

  真相必然会大白的。

  winter must be followed by spring.

  冬天到了,春天还会远吗?

  6.must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。

  why must it rain today

  为什么偏偏在今天下雨?

  when i was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.

  正当我午睡时,偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。

情态动词 篇4

  XX高考二轮复习英语学案专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气

  【典例精析】

  1.( 全国卷ii, 8) _______ he had not hurt his leg, john would have won the race.

  a. if           b. since       c. though           d. when

  【解析】a  有题干可知,“若不是他伤了腿,约翰就能赢得比赛了”,运用了虚拟语气,故用if。

  2.(山东卷, 24) thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ____ it without you.

  a. can manage                    b. could have managed

  c. could manage                  d. can have managed

  【解析】 b 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。i don’t think…是否定前移。意为:我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气,其基本形式是情态动词(过去式)+have done,所以其他选项皆可排除。

  【答案】b

  3(09福建). but for the help of my english teacher, i____the first prize in the english writing competition.

  a. would not win  b. would not have won  c. would win  d. would have won

  【答案】b 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构,故选b。

  4.(09湖南)— it’s the office! so you _____ know eating is not allowed here.

  — oh, sorry.

  a. must        b. will               c. may     d. need

  【解析】a 句意为:这是办公室!因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。

  5.(09海南)what do you mean, there are only ten tickets? there _____ be twelve

  a. should       b. would              c. will    d. shall

  【答案】a。 你这是什么意思,只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该,应当”。

  6.(09上海)it_____ have been tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.

  a. may             b. can                c. must         d. should

  【解析】c 考查情态动词的基本用法。此处表示肯定性较强的猜测,故答案选c。

  7.(09四川)—i don’t care what people think.

  —well, you _______

  a. could            b. would             c. should        d. might

  【解析】c考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议,所以答案为:c

  8.(09天津)this printer is of good quality. if it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

  a. would             b. should            c. could        d. might

  【解析】b 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词用法。表示对将来情况的虚拟假设,条件从句可以用should+v.原形;

  9.(09重庆)—hi, tom. any idea where jane is?

  —she_____in the classroom. i saw her there just now.

  a. shall be         b. should have been    c. must be      d. might have been

  【答案】c 考查情态动词表示猜测的用法。由后面的just now暗示现在一定在教室推知对现在情况的猜测,故答案为c.

  10.(09全国2)i can’t leave. she told me that i______stay here until she comes back.

  a. can               b. must                c. will          d. may

  【解析】b  考查情态动词的基本用法。由前面的i can’t leave.推知我必须呆在这里,故答案为b。

  11.(09江苏)11. he did not regret saying what he did but felt that he____ it differently.

  a. could express                           b. would express

  c. could have expressed                    d. must have expressed

  【解析】c 考查情态动词的用法。由前面的后悔表示做过啦,故后面的意思为本能够表达的不同,答案为c符合。

  【专题突破】情态动词和虚拟语气密不可分,情态动词表示推测的考查,虚拟语气中对情态动词的考查,这些都是需要注意的地方,要想突破,可以从语境、语义、说话者的语气等方面着手,具体说:

  1.根据时间确定时态、时间段

  即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说,若对现在情况进行推测,情态动词后接动词原形或进行式;若对过去情况进行推测,则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点);若是对正在发生的情况进行推测,后接动词的进行式;判断出时间段套用现在、过去、将来虚拟语气的句式。

  2.充分利用句子语境、语义

  综观历年高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气的考查情况,有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境、语义中的运用,即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思,就可作出正确选择。

  3.注意分清适用句型

  即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型,还是用于疑问句型或否定句型,同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。

  4.弄清说话者的语义、语气推断属于哪个时间段的情况,正确把握隐含、混合等虚拟语气。

  5.掌握固定句式,从固定句式着手,套用虚拟语气句型。

  1.—catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.

  —thanks. you _________it. i could manage it myself.

  a. needn’t do       b. needn’t have done

  c. mustn’t do       d. shouldn’t have done

  【解析】b 句子的语境是:“我自己能做”,所以“你本不必做的”。选a还是b呢?根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知,动作已经发生,所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况,故选 needn’t have done。

  2. this cake is very sweet. you _________ a lot of sugar in it.

  a. should put    b. could have put c. might put          d. must have put

  【解析】d前文说“蛋糕很甜”,下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”,故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。

  3. —the woman biologist stayed in africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.

  — oh, dear! she _________ a lot of difficulties!

  a. may go through                    b. might go through

  c. ought to have gone through        d. must have gone through

  【解析】d由上文的stayed可知,此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物XX年才回来。”“天啊!她一定经历了不少苦难!”

  4. helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.

  a. shall          b. must          c. may                  d. can

  【解析】c由于下文说“她还没有把握”,所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测,即“可能会与我们去旅行”。

  5. —i’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.

  —it _________ harry’s. he always wears green.

  a. has to be       b. will be      c. mustn’t be          d. could be

  【解析】d 后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”,据此语境可推知,这件衣“可能是”哈利的,could表示可能性。

  6. —do you know where david is? i couldn’t find him anywhere.

  —well. he _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.

  a. shouldn’t    b. mustn’t    c. can’t      d. wouldn’t

  分析:答案选c。后文说“他的外套还在这里”,据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”,故选can’t

  5. he paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.

  a. could         b. would     c. must            d. need

  【解析】a could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场,但他买了票”。

  6. —lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

  —she _________. i’ve already borrowed one.

  a. can’t        b. mustn’t    c. needn’t             d. shouldn’t

  【解析】c 既然“我已经借了一本”,所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。

  7.the world wide web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it _________be very slow.

  a. should   b. must   c. will           d. can

  【解析】 d在通常情况下,情态动词 can 表示推测时,只用于否定句和疑问句,不用于肯定句,但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意,而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。

  8. zhang lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of beijing university .

  a.would have been   b.should be    c.has been         d.had been

  【解析】a otherwise引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的,由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反,主句用 would have done。

  9. ---your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.

  ----that's right, or she ________ the first place in her school in the college entrance examination.

  a. devoted; wouldn't have taken    b. spent; wouldn't have taken

  c. had devoted; hadn't taken     d. had spent; couldn't take

  【解析】a devote … to 为固定搭配,因此第一个空应从ac选。or 翻译成“否则,要不然”,相当于otherwise,引起句子运用虚拟语气,主句用 would have done。

  10.—any information about your son?

  —no. if only i ______ those tough words to him.

  a.didn't say                       b.hadn't said

  c.shouldn't have said             d.couldn't have said

  【解析】b if only 引起的句子要用虚拟语气。与wish跟从句用虚拟的规则一样。与过去的事实相反,用过去完成时态。

  11. it is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment.

  a. would          b. should          c. will            d. can

  【解析】b it is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that 从句中,从句运用should跟动词原形。

  12. john’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination.

  a. be, should have   b. was, have   c. should be, had    d. was, has

  【解析】b suggest表示“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,而表示“建议”时,要用should 跟动词原形的虚拟语气。根据句意可以得知,答案为b

  13. but for the leadership of our party and our government, we __________ these splendid results.

  a.have achieved                   b.shouldn’t have achieved

  c.should have achieved         d.would achieve 

  【解析】b but for 相当于without,可以用if 非真实条件句替换。有句意可知时发生在过去,与过去事实相反。

  14. --where have you been?

  --i_______in the heavy traffic. otherwise i______here earlier.

  a. got stuck; would have come        b. got stuck; was

  c. have got stuck; would have come   d. had got stuck; would come

  【解析】a 由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去,第一空用一般过去时,排除cd,第二空为与过去事实相反,故选a

  15.he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.

  a. had scored         b. scored      c. would score     d. would have scored

  【解析】d 这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气,再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 .

  【学法导航】考生在复习情态动词和虚拟语气时要注意如下几点:

  1.掌握情态动词的基本用法;2.正确辨析相近意义的情态动词;3.把握常用情态动词句式;

  4.学生要明确所叙述的内容不可能发生或发生的可能性很小时,要用虚拟语气;

  5.把握虚拟语气的常用句式; 6.正确辨析混合时间的虚拟语气,如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

  7.注意虚拟语气中的倒装句,如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should,有时可将if省去,而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should,  之后

  8.分清含蓄条件句,有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过用其他词来代替条件句,常见词有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等

  9. 掌握在表语从句,同位语从句和主语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。 从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型,should 可以省略。

  10.掌握口语中的虚拟语气和固定句式中的虚拟语气。

  【专题综合】1. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.

  a. breaks                           b. has broken

  c. were broken                      d. had been broken

  2. but for the help you gave me, i _______ the examinations.

  a. would have passed                 b. would pass

  c. wouldn’t have passed             d. wouldn’t pass

  3. i forget where i read the article, or i _____ it to you now.

  a. will show         b. would show   c. am going to show     d. am showing

  4. “it looks as if he were drunk.” “so it does. _____.”

  a. he’d better give up drinking      b. he shouldn’t have drunk so much

  c. health is more important than drink d. i wonder why he is always doing so

  5. “mary looks hot and dry” “so _____ you if you had so high a fever.”

  a. do              b. are              c. will             d. would

  6. “he will come tomorrow.” “but i’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”

  a. will come       b. is coming        c. came              d. had come

  7. all the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.

  a. should be; be operated on           b. were; must be operated on

  c. was; should be operated             d. was; be operated on

  8. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.

  a. was he given up b. had he given up   c. did he give    d. if he gave up

  9. “i still haven’t thanked aunt lucy for her present.” “it’s time you _____.”

  a. do              b. did              c. had              d. would

  10. “do you know his address?” “no, i also wish i _____ where he _____.”

  a. knew, live       b. knew, lives     c. know, lives      d. know, lived

  11. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.

  a. wouldn’t have fallen                 b. had not fallen

  c. should fall                           d. were to fall

  12. without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.

  a. would be freezing cold                b. will be freezing coldly

  c. would be frozen cold                  d. can freeze coldly

  13. look at the trouble i am in! if only i _____your dvice.

  a. followed        b. would follow       c. had followed   d. should follow

  14. ---- don't you think it necessary that he _______ to miami but to new york?

  ---- i agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.

  a. will not be sent; that                b. not be sent; that

  c. should not be sent; what              d. should not send; what

  15. if i____plan to do anything i wanted to ,i’d like to go to tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

  a.would         b.could            c.had to    d.ought to

  16. ____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

  a. would you be    b. should you be        c. could you be d. might you be

  17. if it were not for the fact that she_______sing, i would invite her to the party.

  a.couldn’t         b.shouldn’t           c.can’t        d.might not

  18. after hours of repair, the driver tried to start the machine but it __________ work.

  a. won’t           b. shouldn’t          c. wouldn’t    d. couldn’t

  19. you ________ pay too much attention to your assignment, for it is that important.

  a. must             b. needn’t            c. cannot       d. need

  20. he _________ another career, but at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.

  a. might choose     b. might have chosen   c. had to choose  d. must have chosen 

  参考答案和解析

  1.【解析】c as if 引导的句子,有时用虚拟语气,有时不用。原则上说,若指事实或可能为事实,不用虚拟语气;若指现在,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were);若指过去用过去完成时,若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.

  2.【解析】c but for 的意思是“若不是,要不是”,用于引出与事实相反的假设,通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me,可知它表示与过去事实相反,故选c.

  3.【解析】b根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件,即 or=if i didn’t forget where i read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了)。

  4.【解析】d关键信息是it looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气,句子既然用了虚拟语气,也就是说,“他喝醉了”不是事实,只是他的言行好像是醉了,所以此题的最佳答案是d.

  5.【解析】d 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息),所以主句要用 would 而不用 will,即答案应选d.

  6.【解析】c 按照英语习惯,would rather 后接that 从句时,从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气,即用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成时表示过去。

  7.【解析】d insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,有时不用,具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来,若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意,可知只有选d最合适。

  8.【解析】b是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got,这表明是对过去事实作出的假设,所以从句谓语应该是 had given up,而不是像d项那样用一般过去时。另外,当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时,通常可以省略 if,并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。

  9.【解析】b it’s time you did 为 it’s time you thanked aunt lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法,it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。

  10.【解析】b第一空填 knew,因为 i wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives,即用陈述语气,因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实,而不是 i wish 的内容。

  11.【解析】b 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句,主句与现在事实相反,条件句与过去事实相反。句意为:要不是在七岁时就迷上了 melinda cox 图书馆,我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。

  12.【解析】a without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。

  13.【解析】c if only 意为“,但愿,要是……就好了”,其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气,用以表达愿望或非真实条件,同时根据 句意可以得知从句是与过去事实相反

  14.【解析】b本题考查虚拟语气和表语从句。在it is necessary that…句型中,从句中常常用虚拟语气,其形式为“should+动词原型”,should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。that没有实际的意义,只起一个连接的作用。

  15.【解析】b考查虚拟语气。从主句的谓语动词及句意推测应选b。其他选项不符合题意。

  16.【解析】 b 本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should,有时可将if省去,而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后。

  17.【解析】c虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气,但the fact不是与事实相反,而是现在的真实情况, 故不用虚拟语气。

  18.【解析】c,表示机器什么的不能工作了。是一种关于性能方面的,很固定的用法。

  19.【解析】c can not too...to 是词组,意思是就算怎么样也不过分。

  20.【解析】b可是根据句子的意思。must have chosen  是本来肯定会------,故答案为b。

情态动词 篇5

  第九章  情态动词

  我们使用语言有时需要提出要求、意向或建议,有时需要表达我们的愿望和打算。我们也可能想更礼貌一些,更得体一些。为了表达上述意义我们需要一组叫情态动词的动词。情态动词有时又叫情态助动词。情态动词本身虽有一定词义,但不能独立用作谓语、也没有人称和数的变化,其后一定要跟随动词原形,共同构成复合谓语。

  一、情态动词的特点及形式

  情态动词是用于表示说话人的某种感情或语气的词类,有自己的词义,但是不能单独作谓语 ,而必须与其他原形动词共同构成谓语。

  情态动词没有人称和数的变化(因此单数第三人称不加s),有过去式,但无分词形式。

  经常使用的情态动词有:can, may, must, ought to, will, shall, would, should, need , dare等。它们的不同形式分别表示请求、允诺、愿望、命令、能力、需要、拒绝等情感和态度。

  例如:

  you may come in now.

  你现在可以进来。(表示“许可”)

  the schoolbag can hold so many books.

  这个书包能装下这么多的书。(表示“能够”)

  you must be here on time.

  你必须准时到这儿。(表示“必须”)

  you mustn't make a friend with such a man.

  你绝不能与这样的人交朋友。(表示“禁止”)

  二、情态动词的用法

  1.can, could, be able to

  (1)can表示能力,其疑问形式表示请求,其否定形式常表示猜测。can只有现在时和过去时 两种形式,其他时态只能用be able to进行表达。

  can i sit here?

  我可以坐在这里吗?(表示“请求”)

  she could play the violin well when she was a little girl. (表示“过去的能力”)

  她很小的时候就能出色地演奏小提琴了。

  they have not been able to beat the brazilian team.

  他们没有能够打败巴西队。(完成时用be able to表示)

  she can't be there now.

  她现在不可能在那里。(表示“猜测”)

  (2)could用于疑问句,表示比can更为客气的语气;could用于肯定句可以表示没有多大把握 的猜测或表示过去曾有过的能力;could还可用于虚拟语 气表示与现在情况相反的假设。

  could i sit here?

  我可以坐在这里吗?(比can更为客气的请求)

  she could be serious, but i don't think so.

  她可能是认真的,但我不这样认为。

  we wish we could go to the moon like the two americans.

  我们要是能像那两个美国人一样也去月球看看多好啊。(虚拟语气)

  she could type 100 words within one minute in her twenties.

  她二十多岁的时候,能够在一分钟之内打一百个字。(表示过去的能力)

  (3)was (were) able to与could的区别是表示不但有能力,而且曾经做过某件事情。

  he was able to swim across the yangtze river last summer.

  他去年夏天能够游过长江。

  he was able to leave germany for america during the world war 2.

  在二战期间,他设法离开德国去了美国。

  2.may, might

  may用于陈述句表示“可以”,“允许”的意思;还可以表示“可能”。例如:

  you may sit down.

  你可以坐下。(表示“允许”)

  you may be correct.

  你可能是正确的。(表示“猜测”)

  may用于疑问句表示“请求”;用于否定句表示说话人“不允许”,“不许可”。

  may i take the dictionary away?

  我可以把这本词典拿走吗?(表示“请求”)

  you may not take it away.

  =i don't want you to take it away.

  我不允许你把它拿走。(表示“拒绝”)

  注意:may引导的疑问句,肯定回答用:yes, you may.否定回答用: no, you mustn't. (no, you can't或no, yo

情态动词

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