2023年四六级长句复合句分析精选

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在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。

在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。

1、关系代词：which(指sth 作主语或宾语)，that(指sb或sth 作主语或宾语)，who(指sb作主语或宾语)，whom(指sb作宾语)，whose(指sb或sth，作定语),as(指sb,sth 作主语或宾语); 注意: 做宾语的时候， 关系代词可以省略。

2、关系副词：when(指时间 on which)，where(指地点 at which)，why(指原因 for which)

1.引导定语从句; 2.代替先行词; 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。

eg. the man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

focus in：

v 方法一：句子成份法：关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语;关系副词在从句中作状语。

v 方法二：句子完整法：关系代词引导的定语从句不完整;关系副词引导的定语从句是完整的。

i will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.

i will never forget the days that / which we spent together.

a. 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

b.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“...的” 通常译成主句的并列句。 在非限制性定语从句中，通常用who, whom, whose 指人，用 which 指物。

eg. her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.

她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.(意含：她还有其他哥哥。)

her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.

她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。(意含： 她只有一个哥哥。)

a. 用who不用that的情况：

(1)当先行词为one, ones, anyone, those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。

he who does not reach the great wall is not a true man.

those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practice more.

b. 用that不用who的情况：

1)当主句已经出现who时。2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

who is the man that spoke to you just now?

mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.

a.只用that不用which 的情况：

(1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词

(2)先行词既有人又有物。

(3)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。

(4)先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰

(5)关系代词在从句中作表语.

(6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中

(7) 主句是there be句型：

this is one of the best films that i have ever seen.

china is no longer the country that it used to be.

all that can be done has been done.

he spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad.

this is the very book that i am looking for.

who is the man that is talking to jim?

there is a man that lives in that village.

b.只能用which不用that的情况: 1.介词后面 2.逗号后面

1. 定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用which

2. 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which, 其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分.

(1) the machine, which i have looked after for many year, is still working perfectly.

(2)my glasses, without which i was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.

**** 关系代词前介词的确定方法：

1. 定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系，或者从句的动词、形容词的习惯性搭配。

eg. the