2022年医学专题—-3-消化管2(咽-肛管-双语版).ppt

AlimentarySystemLiverPharynxDuodenumEsophagusIleumStomachLargeintestineJejunumAnus第一页，共四十五页。PharynxGeneralfeatures•Afibromusculartube,partofdigestiveandrespiratorysystems––)Extendsfrombaseofskulltotheinferiorborderofcricoidcartilage(lowerborderofClevel6Threesegments•Nasopharynx–Oropharynx–Laryngopharynx–第二页，共四十五页。NasopharynxPosition•Posteriortonasalcavities–Extendsfromthebaseofskulltotheleveloffreeborderofpalatinevelum–Features•Pharyngealopeningofauditorytube–Tubaltorus–PharyngealrecessPharynx–Tubaltonsil–Pharyngealtonsil–第三页，共四十五页。PharynxOropharynxPosition•Posteriortooralcavity–Extendsfromfreeborderofpalatinevelumtothelevelofupperborderofepiglottis–Features•Medianglossoepiglotticfold–Epiglotticvallecula–Palatinetonsil–•Lieswithintonsillarfossa第四页，共四十五页。TonsillitisTonsilinflammation第五页，共四十五页。PharynxLaryngopharynxPosition•Posteriortolarynx–ExtendsfromupperborderofepiglottistotheleveloflowerborderofC6–Piriformrecess•Adeepdepressiononeachsideofapertureoflarynx–commonsideforlodgementofforeignbodies(forexample,fishbones)–第六页，共四十五页。PharynxLymphaticringofpharynx•Formingacircularbandoflymphoidtissueatoropharyngealisthmu•Consistsof–Pharyngealtonsil–tubaltonsil–Palatinetonsil–lingualtonsil第七页，共四十五页。GeneralfeaturesEsophagus•第八页，共四十五页。Amusculartuberabout25cmlong–ConnectingthepharynxatlevelofinferiorborderofvertebraC6–PassesthroughthediaphragmatlevelofvertebraT–10Endsatthecardiaofthestomach,oppositevertebraT–11Division•Cervicalpart:5cm–Thoracicpart:18-22cm–Abdominalpart:1-2cm–Esophagus★Threeconstrictions1.Whereitbeginning,15cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofinferiorborderofC,isthenarrowest6partoftheesophagus2.Whereitiscrossedbyleftprincipalbronchus,25cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofintervertebraldiscbetweenTandT.453.Whereitpiercestheesophagealhiatusofdiaphragm,40cmfromincisors,atlevelofT10第九页，共四十五页。ShapeStomach★Twosurface:anteriorandposterior•Twocurvatures•Lessercurvatureofstomach–•short,concaveanddirectedtotherightandupwardG•reanteeracrurivtastulorewofesrtopmaarcthisangularincisure–•long,convexanddirectedtotheleftanddownwardTwo•openaitntghsejunctionofleftmarginofesophagusandgreatercurvatureiscardiacincisure•Cardia–Pylorus–Twoincisure•第十页，共四十五页。Stomach★Fourparts•Cardiacpart•Fundusofstomach〔cardiacincisure〕•Bodyofstomach〔angularincisure〕•Pyloricpart•Pyloricantrum•Pyloriccanal•第十一页，共四十五页。StomachCardiacpartFundusofstomachBodyofstomachPyloriccanalPyloricantrumPyloricpart第十二页，共四十五页。StomachLocationMainlypartsissituatedinthelefthypochondriacregion•Smallintheepigastricregion•ThecardiaissituatedtotheleftofT,thepylorusliestotherightofL.•111第十三页，共四十五页。StructureofstomachwallStomach－consistsoffourusuallayersMucousmembrane•Submucous(looseareolartissueconnectingthemucousandmuscularlayer)•Muscularlayercontains:•Innermostobliquefibres–Innercircularfibres–•Sphincterofpylorus•PyloricvalveThemostsuperficiallongitudinalfibers–•Serous(visceralperitoneum)第十四页，共四十五页。Variationsinpositionofstomach第十五页，共四十五页。DuodenumGeneralfeaturesfirstandwidestpartofsmallintestineextendsfrompylorustoduodenojejunalflexureapproximately25cmlongand4-5cmindiameterC-shapedandmouldedaroundheadofpancre...